Maths Enrichment – Why go for it?

As the times have progressed immensely, the need for acquiring more knowledge of mathematics has also increased on a large scale in different parts of the world. Due to this fact, the subject has been made a necessary part of the curriculum within schools and all other educational institutions that exist in the present times. People need to have a good amount of knowledge of the subject for a variety of different reasons, all of which are unique in their own special way. Maths enrichment gives individuals the ability to do a lot more than they usually can in their lives as they can easily go on to achieve a massive amount of success later on.

Vast Career Options

Maths enrichment enables people to pursue top notch careers that involve the subject. Almost every other field in the present times consists of maths, which means that people cannot avoid it even if they wish to. Other fields such as those of science as well as IT also require a good amount of knowledge of maths since without it, learning and understanding a wide range of different things is simply not possible. With enhanced knowledge of the subject, individuals get the amazing opportunity of being able to enter any field they want or prefer. It gives them an ability to choose from a wide range of different career options; something that people who don’t learn maths cannot attain.

Real Life Problem Solving

It is important for people to know all there is about the subject due to the fact that it has real life applications and this means that individuals can always go on to apply it within their actual lives for the purpose of solving almost any kind of problems in both the short as well as the long run. The subject is amongst one of the most practical ones, infact there is not another subject that teaches more practicality than mathematics in the first place and that is precisely why studying it completely has been highly recommended to everyone.

Fast Thinking Skills

Another reason to study the subject is the fact that through it, individuals get the ability to think better in the first place. Enhanced thinking is something that not everyone possesses but it can be achieved by studying maths for a long period of time. According to many reports as well as studies, proper learning of the subject is the reason behind increased thinking in both the short as well as the long run. With high end thinking skills, individuals can do better in many aspects as well as different situations they face in their day to day life.

Bright Long-term Career

Furthermore, due to learning the subject from an early stage, individuals can always go on to become experts in a short period of time. As every other field requires great knowledge of maths, it is best to learn it right from the beginning in order to do well in it later on in life. However, through maths enrichment, individuals can go on to have the careers of their dreams as the subject has a lot to offer in terms of learning and practical problem solving, which allows everyone these days to gain success in record time.

The Verdict 

As far as the benefits of learning maths are concerned, they are countless in number. Ever since the subject was created decades ago, it has been immensely helpful in many things and till date has proven how important it is to survive in the world. Therefore, individuals who want to gain success in this life and that too, in a short period of time, learning the subject in all ways possible is something that they must put their mind to immediately.

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What does Primary School Maths Teach?

Students are being taught a wide number of various subjects at primary school level that are all essential in their own way. However, maths has a special purpose in every child’s life and while the subject can be quite demanding at times, it is extremely beneficial in the near future. Primary school maths has been introduced everywhere in the world these days due to the fact that it ensures learning and also gives a child the ability to think on a large scale. Due to the importance of this subject, teachers are always highly recommended to teach it with great care and dedication to the children.

Knowledge of Numbers

Maths contains numbers and these are generally new for a child who has just started to learn maths in school. It does take a lot of time for children to get used to numbers but with the help of primary school maths, it has now become quite possible since it is all about teaching children all there is about maths and how it can be understood. Sometimes children may understand it quickly, but the other times, it may take some time for them to get used to it in the process. However, the results are most definitely positive as the main reason for holding a class dedicated to this subject is to show children how important and fun it can be.

Knowledge of Time

The subject also shows children the many ways through which they can manage time. Time management should be taught to children right from the beginning so that they do not have to face any difficulties during tests and important examinations in the long run. It is through time management that people get ahead in life and it can be taught very well with maths. Therefore, the purpose of teaching this subject is to also teach time management to children in a short period of time.

Enhanced Thinking Power

As far as primary school maths is concerned, it allows children to think of all sorts of possibilities. The best part is the fact that they learn to use their brain for everything and the fact that they learn to properly utilize it is something that cannot be taught easily by another subject in general. This is amongst one of the most significant reasons for teaching mathematics to children in primary as well as later on. A child’s brain has a lot of imagination and creativity hidden in it and in order to bring that out adequately, the learning of maths is definitely required.

CreativeThinking

Moreover, children get the ability to be able to think out of the box by studying the subject right from the beginning. This is due to the fact that maths is a vast and an extremely diverse subject that opens doors to a lot of new opportunities as well as concepts. While children learn all of these concepts, they also see how they can use these in real life. This is only if a teacher pays attention in teaching them about how to do it without making it entirely difficult for them.

Is Teaching Primary School Maths worth it?

A lot of schools these days have introduced this class and the results have been tremendous as many children have learned a lot of things regarding maths. Many studies also show that the activity class for maths is also responsible for making children interested in mathematics right from the beginning, which is definitely a great thing as the subject becomes crucial in their lives later on. The subject is taught on a day to day basis in most primary schools in different parts of the world and has been made a proper part in the routine of all students of this level.   

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The Need for Studying Preschool Mathematics

Children at all levels need to understand the importance of mathematics in order to do well in the subject later on in their lives. While it may seem rather boring and too complex at first, it is likely to get easier eventually. Preschool teachers should give a good amount of importance in the matter of teaching maths to children at this level as it is what shapes their overall idea of the subject in the first place. On the other hand, proper maths training at this young allows students to understand everything there is about the subject, only to actually opt for it in the long run. 

Introduction to Maths

One of the most prominent reasons for studying preschool maths is the fact is that it actually enables children to know what the subject is in the first place. As it is their first introduction to the subject, teachers should always try to make it interesting as first impressions are said to be last impressions. Once children are familiarized with the subject, proper activities as well as projects must be attempted in order to enhance their knowledge in a short period of time. According to many surveys, it is at this level when students actually develop a fondness for some subjects, so teachers must really make use of this opportunity. 

Learning & Connecting Numbers

On the other hand, the knowledge of maths goes much further than this as children actually gain the ability to learn about numbers. Maths is a subject that consists of numbers only, which is why students need to understand this right from the beginning in order to do well in the subject later on. While many students are likely to pick up on the subject immediately, others may take time and this is something that teachers need to be patient about as carrying a class as a whole is their job. Only through the introduction of maths are students going to understand and know numbers. 

Time Management

Preschool maths is also very important due to the fact that it teaches children about many other prominent things which are most likely going to help them in the future. One of these things involves the management of time, which really cannot be possible with having sound knowledge of mathematics in the first place. Therefore, studying the subject at this level is mostly encouraged as it surely it quite mandatory, even when a lot of people may not find it so. Time management comes in handy in many special occasions in life, for instance finishing final exams as well as tests that are exceptionally important. 

Brain Enrichment

Moreover, children need to be taught the subject at this level due to the fact that it allows them to have enhanced thinking skills, which are necessary for all children at this age. The brain of children is eager to learn at this level and by studying maths; they are most likely to adopt a good amount of proper things which will eventually become very beneficial in the long run. Hence, mathematics should most definitely be taught at this level for encouraging brain enrichment in young children who are likely to go on and have bright futures. 

Is it worth it?

For all that it is worth, children should definitely be taught maths at this level with great care and dedication as whatever they are taught at this stage is most likely to stay with them forever. Studies have also revealed that students who are taught the subject properly right from the beginning by qualified teachers are actually the ones who go on and opt for it later on in their lives and also end up pursuing careers in this very subject.

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Why is Math so Important to Learn?

Mathematics is usually regarded as a very dry subject and it nothing less than overwhelms the patience level of students in the class room. Constantly looking at the clock as to when the class will be dismissed and impatiently moving the legs is a very normal thing in the class when it comes to this subject. The thing that really turns the mood off the subject is that students think they are never going to go through these things ever again, since they do not even need them after having passed their final exams. This thinking might even be correct in case of some parts of the subject like the usage of linear equations or making parabolas and hyperbolas and what not. They may not even use the factorials, LCMs and HCFs but there are certain things in math that just cannot be excluded from everyday life.

Sitting in the work place, there are a lot of things that come to play even if the duty of the worker is not directly calculation based. For instance, while working in a HR department, making compensation plan for employees. Similarly, in marketing making budget and product pricing involves more than average math skills. Employers these days do not have shortage of human resource and for this reason, they demand workers that have diverse skills and come as a complete package. Having calculation skills is a must even for doing jobs that may seem to have the least to do with it. It is beyond doubt that having calculation skill as a bonus to one’s direct job skills can earn them a pay raise or even a promotion on the later stages of their job since organizations can afford to rely on resourceful people.

Learning math also helps in the daily life. Expenses are made every day, and being good in calculations makes it possible to save a lot on the financial resources. Making quick calculations, one can manage to compare two different products r services to choose from and save a little money that accumulates to become a huge amount over the years. Similarly, when a person decides to save money and let the bank have it for interest purposes, it helps to choose between the investment options by comparing interest rates, deductions, tax considerations and what not.

Most people think that stock and forex trading is all about luck and gambling, but it is in fact a very calculated kind of an investment method. Only those who have good calculation and then brilliant numeric analyses skills can successfully trade in the field. Many people are seen taking maths enrichment classes Singapore just for the matter of getting wittier and cleverer in day to day transactions and for business purposes. Now a day, the math enrichment classes Singapore inhabit professionals and older aged people too since they have realized the need of being good at math as next to oxygen. What actually is taught to these old timers is to solve word problems that are related directly with the day to day phenomenon. Not to mention, for the good price that they pay to learn math, they get excellent value of their money in return as obtained skill.   

Math is not all that difficult and can be rather interesting but it turns into a nightmare for most people to whom no one is willing to explain anything. They get seriously wore down and lose hope that they can ever be good or even okay at math. This subject causes severe frustration for those unable to pick its concepts and hence they should always look for a more dedicated tutor.  

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Pros of Learning Concept Maths

Mathematics is one of those subjects which are tough and also have many advantages to offer in terms of learning in general. The world has progressed immensely over the past couple of years and all of this development has been done through maths, which is precisely why it is so important in the first place. The subject has become the core of many high end fields these days that people can eventually choose if they wish after becoming fully acquainted with maths. Concept mathematics is something allows people to get an insight about the subject and how it can be actually learnt later on.

Critical Thinking

One of the most prominent reasons for studying concept maths is the fact that it enables people to develop a good amount of critical thinking which helps them overcome a lot of obstacles in their daily lives and in the long run as well. With increased critical thinking, people can actually achieve a lot in their lives and this has been fully revealed through different surveys that have shed light on the fact that studying this kind of maths eventually does enhance the critical thinking power so many people wish to achieve in the present times.

Increased Career Choice

On another note, maths is important for anyone who wishes to have a bright future. This is due to the fact that more and more fields these have require maths and those who do not study it or cannot do well in the subject often stay behind as a result. Therefore, having exceptionally good mathematical skills is something that most people need to have if they wish to actually gain success and want to be someone big in a short period of time in the future. For that purpose, high end learning of the subject is required by all costs.

Analysis

Another common reason behind studying concept maths is the fact that it enables people to have enhanced analytical skills. With increased analytical skills, individuals can not only score well in mathematics, but they can also go on to score high in a lot of other subjects in the near future. This is something which cannot be acquired from any other subject and through maths solely can individuals go on to do analysis in different aspects of their lives. Analytical skills can be difficult to achieve but with proper learning and studying of maths, the process is most likely to become easy later on.

Logic & Reasoning

Individuals have also been highly recommended to learn maths due to the fact that it allows them to achieve a higher sense of logic as well as reasoning. These can come in handy in the process of discussing a wide range of different topics and discussions which are crucial in every day’s routine. Hence, mathematics has always been used for the purpose of providing proper base and evidence in matters such as debates and everything as such. With prominent figures that are facts, one can surely use the subject to their advantages at all times and that too, without facing any kind of trouble in the matter.

Concept Maths – Why is it a Requirement?

After all that this kind of mathematics has to offer to people, everyone surely needs to study it in order to enhance their chances of a bright future. Not only is the subject great for studying and increasing thinking skills, but it is also best for anyone who wishes to be able to enter fields that require maths. On the other hand, it gives individuals the ability to have increased reasoning and logic, which is another thing that makes this subject stand out from all the other ones that exist these days and have been since the past few decades.  

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Advantages of Preschool Maths for Children

Mathematics has been introduced within countless preschools these days due to the fact that the subject tends to help children in understanding a lot of things. Parents are highly recommended to see to it that their children begin to learn everything there is about maths as soon as they join preschool as the subject holds a huge amount of importance in the process of brain enrichment and so much more. Preschool maths is currently being taught by teachers everywhere in the world and by taking a couple of more essential steps, teachers can actually make the subject a lot more fun for their students.

Creative Thinking Skills

Children are known to develop out of the box thinking through preschool maths. This fact has been tested and proven by all the preschool teachers as well as education experts in the present times. According to the many studies that have been conducted, children have started to show a lot more creativity and enhanced thinking skills through the everyday studying and learning of the unique subject. This is why the subject has been made mandatory in the curriculum of all preschools these days. As children are known to learn everything quickly, it is best for teachers to try out good ways to teach maths to them at this level as they are most likely going to show a lot of progress in the matter.

Dealing with Numbers

On the other hand, preschool maths is what makes children understand everything there is about numbers. Since all that the subject contains are numbers and digits, it is best for teachers to introduce these to children right away after they join preschools. Without mathematics, children cannot learn the proper way to use numbers and most importantly, they will not be able to connect numbers with each other in order to find the answers to many questions; thus, the subject is truly mandatory.

Managing Time

Preschool maths also tends to help children in managing the track of time. While children are smart in a lot of ways, they still need to develop a lot of skills which are going to benefit them in the long run. Keeping a track of time is most definitely one of the most important skills they children need to acquire at an early stage in life and only through learning mathematics can they achieve it in a short period of time. Learning to save time and to keep a track of it in the future will help them do well at tests and so many other things in their lives.

Quick Learning

According to many education experts, preschool maths tends to sharpen the mind of young children who are just new to the subject and are willing to learn everything eagerly. This is best since it gives them the ability to show all of their potential as well as creativity in this particular subject. While it may be difficult at the beginning, children tend to understand it better after a short while, which makes their maths skills better as time passes eventually.

Preschool Maths is Mandatory – Why?

Parents have been suggested to help their children learn mathematics since preschool as the subject tends to open a lot of doors for them in the future. Through it, they can go for any field they love or prefer. It is through good understanding of the subject that people can actually go on to achieve a lot of success in the near future and that too, without having to struggle too much in the process. As far as the complexity of the subject is concerned, with proper aid and good teachers, children can see what maths is all about and can go on to do immensely well in the subject later on. 

Teaching Primary and Preschool Maths Using Multiple Intelligences (PART 2)

Continue from part 1 over here

Achievement Tests

At the end of the first three-week intervention period, pupils took a 25-item short answer review test on “Fractions”. At the end of every sub-topic on “Decimals” within the second six-weeks’ intervention period, pupils sat for a 25-item short answer review test.

Qualitative Data

Pupils’ interviews and teachers’ observations and reflection journals were also used as instruments for the qualitative data collection.

Procedure

The study was quasi-experimental in design and equivalent group post-test only design was adopted. One teacher taught the comparison classes and another teacher taught the project classes from the low and average-ability groups.

All the pupils and teachers involved in the project underwent MI diagnostic testing. The teachers were briefed on the findings and how it can help them to improve the way they learn and the way they help the pupils to learn. The project group teacher was given her class’s MI profile which showed the detailed intelligence variability within the class. This would help her to design and customize her Mathematics lessons to cater to the dominant multiple intelligences of the pupils in her two project classes.

Table 3 shows the results from the MIDAS Questionnaire which summarizes the MI profile of all the pupils. It indicated that pupils have all the eight multiple intelligences in almost equivalent dominance. The naturalistic intelligence was the strongest intelligence overall. All of the pupils’ intelligences were above the 50^thpercentile.

Scale	Natural	Musical	Spatial	Ling	Logical	Kin	Inter	Intra
Mean	55.9	54.1	53.8	53.8	53.1	52.9	52.0	50.8
SD	16.4	14.0	14.7	14.2	13.4	14.7	15.0	14.4

Table 3: Main Scale Means (N= 140)

Ability Group	Low-Ability Group		Average-Ability Group
Multiple Intelligence	Project (N=30)	Comparison (N=32)	Project (N=38)	Comparison (N=40)
Musical	56.4 (12.1)	56.9 (14.7)	54.4 (12.4)	55.7 (16.1)
Kinesthetic	56.8 (11.4)	50.1 (14.2)	52.2 (15.9)	57.5 (14.5)
Logical	56.2 (12.4)	44.6 (13.3)	54.5 (14.0)	56.2 (12.8)
Spatial	58.8 (12.3)	52.6 (15.3)	54.2 (16.2)	56.0 (15.1)
Linguistic	53.3 (13.7)	51.0 (17.0)	54.8 (15.1)	57.2 (13.3)
Interpersonal	54.5 (13.1)	49.4 (16.4)	52.4 (17.0)	54.0 (14.3)
Intrapersonal	52.4 (12.1)	45.0 (12.5)	51.2 (16.1)	54.4 (14.7)
Naturalist	56.4 (16.7)	52.1 (16.4)	58.3 (17.9)	57.3 (15.6)

Table 4: Mean Score and Standard Deviation of Class MI Profile

Table 4 shows the MI profile of each of the project and comparison classes. The comparison group teacher was not given the results of his class’s MI profile. He was to carry out his Mathematics lessons using the traditional method of teaching.

The instruction for the two groups during the three-week treatment, varied in the following ways. The comparison group was taught the traditional method of “drill and practice”. The project group was taught the MI lessons daily where pupils were engaged in activities that encompassed all the eight intelligences. Pupils were taught using colourful and attractive visuals on power-point slides and were engaged in some of the following activities:

·         logic problems, reciting rhymes, raps and jingles

·         singing songs on mathematical concepts, constructing models, posters and number lines,

·         playing board games, “Bingo” and “Uno”

·         handling real life authentic manipulatives

·         working in pairs and groups

·          brainstorming and presenting their project work

·         Reflections on the day’s lesson in their journals.

The MI infused lessons on “Fractions” were crafted by the project group teachers. The comparison group teacher was not involved in the crafting the MI lessons so as to reduce threats to internal validity of the research project. At the end of the three-week treatment sessions, both groups were administered a review test on “Fractions”. The results from this post assessment would determine if the project group achieves a higher mean score than the comparison group. Fifteen pupils were selected at random from the project group to be interviewed to get their feedback on their MI infused lessons.

In the second semester, both the project and comparison groups were taught “Decimals” through MI infused lessons. The comparison group teacher was given his class’s MI profile which showed the detailed intelligence variability within the class prior to the six-week MI intervention. This would help him to design and customize his Mathematics lessons on “Decimals” to cater to the dominant multiple intelligences of the pupils. The pilot group teacher and the comparison group teacher crafted sixteen MI infused lessons on “Decimals”. Both groups were administered a series of four review tests. The results from these review assessments would reveal if the project group achieve a higher mean score than the comparison group due to the longer exposure to MI. Five pupils were selected at random from each class to get their feedback on their MI infused lessons. A focus group discussion among the project teachers was also conducted to get their feedback on the whole project.

PETALS^TM was also administered before and after the intervention period. Post-test results of the project group would reveal if there is an increase in the level of engagement among pupils who are taught Mathematics using the MI strategies and if the longer exposure to MI has a positive impact on pupils’ engagement, motivation and attitude in the learning of Mathematics.

Results

Measure	Mean (SD)		Effect Size
	Pretest	Post-test
PETALSTM Scale
Pedagogy	69.6 (16.6)	76.1 (15.8)	0.39
Experience of Learning	64.0 (19.3)	68.8 (18.5)	0.25
Tone of Environment	70.7 (13.7)	70.8 (19.5)	0.01
Assessment for Learning	67.1 (15.6)	73.8 (17.7)	0.43
Learning Content	66.3 (19.2)	75.6 (17.7)	0.48
Engagement Scale
Affective Engagement	76.4 (17.7)	81.1 (15.0)	0.31
Behavioural Engagement	75.4 (15.1)	78.1 (18.2)	0.18
Cognitive Engagement	72.4 (16.9)	77.0 (15.8)	0.27

Table 5: Mean comparison on pretest and post-test survey of the project group (N=68)

Table 5 shows results of engagement level among the two project groups. The results revealed a small to moderate effect size for Pedagogy, Experience of Learning, Assessment for Learning and Learning Content. The intervention had a higher impact especially on Assessment for Learning, and Learning Content.

The following graph shows the results from the review test on “Fractions”. There is a difference of 12.0 in favour of the project group. Thus, it may be concluded, with some degree of reservation, the MI intervention has a significant impact on the higher achievement among the project group pupils. Results indicated that the MI intervention seemed to have a greater impact on the low-ability pupils.

 

  

The following graph shows the results from the review tests on “Decimals”. There is a difference of 15.0 in favour of the project group. Thus, it may be concluded that a longer exposure to the MI intervention has a positive impact on the higher achievement among the pupils who were taught through MI strategies for nine weeks as compared to the comparison group pupils who were taught through MI strategies for only six weeks. Results also indicated that the MI intervention has a greater impact on the low-ability pupils.

 

Table 7 shows the motivational and attitudinal levels of the comparison and project groups. For all the ten items, the project group scored higher than the comparison group. This suggests that a longer exposure to the MI intervention has a positive impact on the motivational and attitudinal levels of the project group pupils who were taught through MI strategies for nine weeks as compared to the comparison group pupils who were taught through MI strategies for only six weeks. Results also suggest that the pupils were more influenced by exciting, interesting and challenging lessons.

Table 7: Comparisons on motivational and attitudinal level means

No.	Item	Project group	Comparison group	Effect size
F1	I am excited about learning.	85.8 (17.4)	72.5 (22.1)	0.60
F2	I am interested in what is being taught.	84.1 (20.5)	69.6 (23.2)	0.61
F3	I like the subject.	83.1 (20.0)	74.1 (24.4)	0.37
F4	I like doing the activities.	83.2 (21.7)	75.9 (23.2)	0.31
F5	I want to learn more about this subject.	81.7 (18.0)	73.5 (24.7)	0.33
F6	I look forward to the lesson.	84.9 (22.2)	74.2 (21.1)	0.51
F7	I like learning because what I learn in class is useful.	79.0 (24.3)	70.0 (27.2)	0.33
F8	I will keep on trying even if the task is difficult.	79.8 (20.0)	69.7 (24.2)	0.42
F9	I like the challenging work given to us.	79.6 (22.5)	66.0 (27.5)	0.49
F10	I like learning because I can choose the task that I do best.	77.0 (22.6)	64.3 (25.8)	0.49

In addition to the quantitative data, feedback from the project group affirmed the improvement in attitude and the high motivation experienced by pupils from the MI infused lessons. Below is a blog entry by a pupil:

• “We sang a lot of songs about decimals and fractions. It is very fun and interesting learning decimals and fractions. Our teacher teaches us different types of methods and using [attractive] power point [slides] to teach our class. I love Maths! It is really fun to learn! All the questions [are] like solving mystery cases! We also played Maths games to learn. Our teacher teaches us Maths in very fun ways. I love to play more Maths games and learn more about Maths! The Problem Sums are really challenging! Maths is Fun!”

Feedback from the project teachers further affirmed the improvement in attitude and the high motivation observed in pupils through the MI infused lessons. Below is a teacher’s reflection:

• “I have seen for myself how planning a lesson that involves multiple intelligences actually makes the lessons more exciting for the pupils. Pupils can relate better, recall the learning points better, and on the whole, they are more motivated, even to do homework. By getting pupils involved through activities, songs, stories, and using powerpoint slides packed with cute pictures and animations, pupils actually looked forward to learning. This is true “Teach Less, Learn More” in action.”

Discussion and Conclusion

Based on the analysis of the data presented, it is seen that the MI intervention in the area of Mathematics has made positive contributions for the pupils’ engagement, motivation, attitude and achievement towards the learning of Mathematics. Pupils’ and teachers’ reflections support the statistical findings.

The findings obtained from this study, resembles other studies which evaluate MI instructional approach for the pupil success and attitudes. In a study by Cluck and Hess (2003), results showed improved assignment completion, class participation and engagement of learners using MI. Bednar, Coughlin, Evans and Sievers (2002) showed an increase in pupil motivation and positive attitude through the use of MI. In Douglas, Burton and Reese-Durham (2008), results showed considerable increase in academic performance on pupils taught through MI compared to those taught using the traditional method.   Three of the four improvements were observed: improved academic performance, greater impact on the low-ability pupils and behaviour improvements namely on pupils’ attitude and motivation in learning of Mathematics. Discipline problems tend to disappear, as reflected by the project teachers, when pupils are excited about learning in a fun filled lesson.

The success of the project led to a refinement of the prototype and an emergent model for “Teaching Mathematics through Multiple Intelligences” in West View. By 2010, all teachers were involved in infusing MI strategies in their Mathematics lessons. The significant improvement in the school’s Math PSLE results, an increase in percentage pass from 66.4% in 2009 to 81.1% in 2010, indicates that MI has positive impact in pupils’ academic performance. Pupils who were taught Mathematics through MI over three years (2008-2010) produced better PSLE scores than pupils who have not been taught through MI.

In closing, the most beneficial aspect of our research is that it takes into consideration human differences within the classroom and teaches the subject matter in a variety of ways appealing to all learners.

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